Afghanistan History In Urdu Afghanistan Taliban Soviet War in Afghanistan Facts Complete Information Essay

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Complete Afghanistan Information: Grography: Afghanistan is a mountainous country located at the crossroads between Pakistan and Central Asian area. There is a Highlands in the northeast of the Hindu Kush which passes to the west in the lower range of Koh-i-Baba. The highest peak in the Hindu Kush is Nowshak which is 7492 m. The climate is continental with an average January temperature in the plains of 0 to 5 ° C and the July 25 to 30 ° C. In mountain regions, the absolute minimum in January is -31 ° C. The largest part of Afghanistan receives about 325 mm of rain per year only in the eastern parts, which are under the influence of the monsoon, the annual rainfall in Afghanistan is 800 mm. The largest rivers Helmand, Hari (the Hari Rud) and Kabul (Kabul Rūd) originate in the western Hindu Kush. Helmand flows into the salt marshes around the lake of the same name, Harry disappears in sandstones Karakum (Garagum: Black Sands) and Kabul flows into the Indus river. The border between Afghanistan and Tajikistan and Uzbekistan forms the river Amu Darya. Vegetation in Semi-arid plains and in lower mountain areas (up to 1500 m) steppe between 1500 and 3300 m altitude growing deciduous and coniferous forests.

Economy of Afghanistan Country: Long-term social instability with a series of armed conflicts (from the early 1980s) economic set back Afghanistan, placing it among the least developed countries in the world. Lean is more than a third of the population, and unemployment is around 40% (2013). According to estimates by the World Bank (2014) in the next decade should be about 7 billion USD per year to help the development of infrastructure, public services, security system and others. Economic development and hinders the spread of corruption and illegal opium production (among the leaders in the world). In 2012 realized a GDP worth 20.5 billion USD or 640 USD per capita. In terms of share of GDP is the leading service sector with 53.5% (communication services, transport, financial sector), followed by agriculture with 24.6% (grains, fruits, livestock) and industry with 21.9% (food production , wool, carpets, leather). Mining is underdeveloped although significant deposits of iron, gold, silver, lead, zinc and others and Afghanistan also has oil and natural gas.

Traffic: Afghanistan has 76 km of railway (2011) and 42000 km of roads (2007). International airports are located in Kabul and Kandahar. Approximately 1210 km of waterways. On the Amu Darya is the main port Shere Khan. It was built 466 km of the pipeline (2011).


History of Afghanistan In English: The territory of Afghanistan has been inhabited since the Paleolithic of VI c  Cr. belonged to the state of the Achaemenids; 329. BC. Cr. won by Alexander III. Great in III c. From VII c the southern part of Afghanistan under the rule of the Arabs then begins rapid Islamization of the population. Afghanistan was ruled by various Persian, and Turkish dynasties. In XIII and XIV c the Mongol attacks have caused economic and cultural crisis. The short term is a period of prosperity under the rule Timurides in XV c In the XVI century divided between Persia, Great Mogul and the Uzbek Khanate.

Dost Mohammad son Sher Ali Khan lost his power after the second Anglo-Afghan War 1878-80 which is the reason was an increase in Russian influence in Afghanistan. At the end of the XIX c Abdur Rahman (1880-1901) acknowledged the British control of foreign policy of Afghanistan, and India is part of the territory ceded to the so-called Durand line. In 1907, Russia recognized that Afghanistan is in the British zone of influence. In the First World War, Afghanistan remained neutral and after the war Amanullah Khan (1919-29) proclaimed the independence of Afghanistan and occupied the area behind the Durand Line, which caused the third Anglo-Afghan war. During the reign of Amanullah Han implemented numerous reforms in 1923 passed the first constitution, the state has been modernized and has been introduced and the secular judiciary. At the Afghan-Pakistani border, there was a conflict in 1947, because Afghanistan is a supporter of the independence of Pakistani part Pashtunistan (dispute ended in the late 1960s). Coup of General Mohammad Daud Hana 1973 deposed the king, Zahir Shah and was declared a republic. After the coup leftist and pro-Soviet officers in 1978 the resistance to the new regime Babrak Karmali and Soviet forces up to 115 000 soldiers had provided the fundamentalist insurgents (mujahedin). They were tribal and religious divided into 15 major groups, and they were supported by Muslim countries, and China and the United States. Because of the war, more than five million Afghans fled to Pakistan and Iran, while within Afghanistan were displaced about 2 million people. The agreement on the withdrawal of Soviet forces was reached in 1988 (the death toll was estimated at several hundred thousand, and Moscow's recognition of a loss of 14 500 soldiers). They continued to struggle mujahideen groups for power, that degenerated into civil war. In mid-1994 organized Taliban movement led by Mohammad Omar. Gathered is mainly Pashtuns and had the support of Pakistan and the United States. In September 1996 the Taliban captured Kabul and by mid-1997 they managed to occupy about 80% of Afghanistan. It is estimated that in the civil war during 1992-97 killed about 36,000 Afghans.

Complete Afghanistan History In Urdu:
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